The Cham Dance Festival in the Tsurphu Monastery is held annually on the tenth day of the fourth month of the Tibetan Calendar. It attracts thousands of visitors to the majestic monastery, which is nestled at an altitude of 4,300 meters. The dancers embody divine beings, weaving tales of enlightenment and protection through their movements and expressions. Though the festival has a religious plot, it also serves as a communal gathering, with local people coming to worship Buddha, receive blessings at the monastery, and appreciate the performance of Cham dancers.
The Essence of Cham Dance
The Cham Dance is organized and held in Tibetan Buddhism temples and monasteries. Originating as a form of meditation and offering by Buddhist monks, the dance is an important traditional and religious form of art and performance. Also known as the God Dance, it combines intricate movements, elaborate costumes, and traditional music to convey religious stories and teachings. The dance served to spread Buddhist philosophy and blessings, particularly in regions where literacy was historically low and printing was expensive.
During the Cham Dance Festival, attendees have the opportunity to witness various aspects of this ancient tradition. Monks adorned in ornate costumes and masks take center stage, portraying wrathful protectors, revered deities, and historical figures. They recount ancient tales of triumph over adversity and the pursuit of spiritual enlightenment through intricate choreography and soul-stirring music. Each dance carries deep religious symbolism, offering insights into Tibetan beliefs and rituals.
Sacredness and Respect
The items used for the dance are treasured in the temples. Before using them, Cham dancers must undergo several religious rituals. When dancers wear the masks and costumes, even before the performance, they must be aware of their body movements, gestures, and facial expressions. Acting like real deities is necessary not to tease the gods.
Intriguing Dances
Among the most intriguing dances is the Skeleton Dance, where monks wear skeleton costumes and skull masks, embodying the Tibetan perspective on death as a natural part of the cycle of life and enlightenment. Another highlight is the Guru Dance, honoring Padma Sambhava, the revered 8th-century master credited with initiating the Cham Dance tradition. Through intricate choreography and elaborate costumes, dancers portray scenes from Padmasambhava's life, paying homage to his teachings and enlightenment. The festival also features the Deity Dance, a solemn prayer to Buddha to overcome obstacles and delusions, and the Ritual Dance, performed within a mandala to evoke blessings and transform space.
Besides observing the rituals and appreciating the cultural heritage, visitors can also explore the surrounding area and embark on a trek from Tsurphu to Yampachen, where the ever-changing scenery along the route promises an awe-inspiring journey.
