Starling Murmuration in Scotland 2024-2025

A stunning sunset show performed by migrating starlings

Best time: November–February

If you already know what starling murmuration is, or at least heard of such a phenomenon, you must know it's quite a show. Huge swarms of birds form beautiful shape-shifting clouds, which swirl in the sky. Every autumn and winter, this sunset spectacle is performed by migrating starlings in Gretna at Dumfries and Galloway. The regularity of these shows proves that the birds are really into that village in the south of Scotland!

The scientists don't know for sure how the birds choose the stage where to perform and why. According to one theory, gathering in such huge flocks and flying in such a hypnotizing manner helps birds protect themselves from predators, which may get confused and be unable to attack. Another theory implies that it's easier for the birds to stay warm, conserve energy, and communicate about good feeding grounds when flying in a swarm.

The best time to see starling murmuration

The best time to watch the natural wonder is deemed November, as the starling population during this month increases considerably thanks to migrating birds, which arrive from further North in Europe. Birds usually stay in Scotland throughout December, January, and also February. The best time of the day is usually at sunset or just before dusk, as birds get ready for roosting.

Where to see starling murmuration in Scotland

Dumfries and Galloway in South Scotland is among the best areas in Europe to observe the mesmerizing phenomenon. While millions proceed with their journey from Scandinavia further to England and even further south to Greece and Italy, hundreds of thousands of starlings choose to winter along the Anglo-Scottish border in Gretna. In the past, their quantity was even greater, but in recent years, the overall number of starlings in the United Kingdom has decreased by 65 to 80%.

RSPB Mersehead, located on the scenic north shore of the Solway coast in Dumfries and Galloway, is one of the best places in Scotland to see a murmuration. The area is also home to breeding waders and plenty of wintering waterfowls. Gretna Green Birdwatching site is another spot, attracting birdwatchers with their cameras and binoculars. The roost site is usually just east of the M6 motorway.

Practical info

What is starling murmuration?

Starling murmuration is a remarkable behavior observed in large flocks of starlings. The birds fly together, twisting and turning in mesmerizing patterns and creating a fascinating spectacle in the sky. The synchronized movement is captivating to those who witness it.

Is there a specific reason why starlings flock to Scotland?

Starlings are drawn to Scotland due to a variety of factors including geography, weather patterns, and abundant source of food and shelter. Dumfries and Galloway, located in South Scotland, has become a popular roosting area for starlings, particularly during winter. They are very adapted to the local surroundings and thrive in Scotland's habitats.

When is the best time to witness starling murmuration in Scotland?

The optimal duration to watch starling murmuration in Scotland is between November and February. Gretna in Scotland provides an extended period because the starlings remain there for the entire winter season (December to February), affording visitors ample time to watch the birds. Murmuration usually begins at sunset, and staying patient, yet flexible, is key to avoid missing this captivating display.

Has the number of starlings decreased in recent years?

Recent studies indicate a decrease in starling numbers ranging between 65 and 80%. An apparent decline attributed to changes in agricultural practices, land use, and other environmental factors including the effects of climate change, could be harmful to the species. The decreasing trend in starlings is alarming, but Scotland's population still attracts visitors to witness this incredible behavior.

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